Poverty
One of the most prominent themes in the novel is poverty. Nearly every character is suffering of extreme poverty. It is also one of Raskolnikovs motivations to commit murder
Superiority
Perhaps the most important theme in the book is superiority. This is mainly seen with how Raskolnikov views himself to be far above the common folk. He believes himself to be above the law because he is so extraordinary. This leads to him committing murder for what he thinks is the betterment of the community.
Change
Both the novel itself and the time period in which it was written were very focused on change. There were many new movements such as socialism and nihilism moving around Russia at the time paving the way for a new type of society. You can also see change in the way Raskolnikov goes from being very much an individual to realizing he is just like everyone else.